A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN STUDENTS WHO ARE TAUGHT THROUGH NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE AND THOSE THROUGH PREDICTIVE READING TECHNIQUE

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN STUDENTS WHO ARE TAUGHT THROUGH NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE AND THOSE THROUGH PREDICTIVE READING TECHNIQUE

I.  INTRODUCTION

Reading  is  one  of  the  important  skills  that  are  needed  by  the  students  in  getting information  based  on  what  they  have  already  read.  It  is  a  complex  interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences,  and  language  community  which  is  culturally  and  socially  situated. Grellet (1981: 8) mentioned that reading as the process of understanding a written text, means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible. It also supported by Bernhardt (1991:6) in Suparman (2007:13) that quoted reading is considered as an intrapersonal problem-solving task that takes place within the brain knowledge structure. It meant that, people read and tried to understand and got a lot of information based on what they were reading. 

According to Smith (1982:166) added reading is a matter of identifying letters in order to get the meaning from what is read, involving making connection among words  and  ideas  presented  in  the  text  and  the  readers’  own  background knowledge. In addition, Rubin (1993: 196) assumed that the reading skills that are usually  found  in  the  interpretation  are  as  follow:  (1)  determining  word  meaning from the context, (2) finding main????????????

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Instructional Strategy In Reading Class Of The Second Grade Students At Mts

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY IN READING CLASS OF THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT MTS

CHAPTER  I

INTRODUCTION

This  chapter  presents  the  background  of  the  study,  statement  of  the Research problem, the purpose of the study, significance of the study, definitions of key terms and organization of the study.

A.  Background of the Research

Language is a form of human communication tool in the form of a symbol of a speech sound through headphones, where every sound that came from a sense. Language is a key staple for human life in this world, because the language is able to interact with a neighbor and language resources for the community. As for the language to be used when a mutual understanding or mutual understanding close  relationship  with  the  use  of  language  resources  that  we  have.  We  can understand the meaning and purpose of speaking or talking when we listen well to what is said. (Dept of Education, 2005: 3) Language is in fact self-expression and noticed people on a regular basis, which utilize sound as tool.

Reading and language learning are important. In this case reading can make someone successful in study and also by reading someone knows the world. In the class room every teacher usually asks the students such as how many times they have read something, but you may never have given much thought to haw words, sentences, and text mean. In the daily life, we understand of what we heard and read while other things we doubtless do not understand. However, we may seldom?????????????????

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INFORMATION GAP TASK IN PAIR AND SMALL GROUP WORK OF STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INFORMATION GAP TASK IN PAIR AND SMALL GROUP WORK OF STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY

INTRODUCTION

According  Widowson  (1994),  speaking  is  the  active  production  skill  and  use  of oral  production.  Rivers  (1981:  161)  explains  that  students  study  a  foreign language  in  high  school  with  strong  conviction  that  language  means  something spoken.  The  students  are  often  discouraged  and  lose  interest  when  they  find  that foreign language study is just like other subjects, learning the book only  without any practice. That some problem that faced by students in school. Referring to the description  above,  information  gap  technique  was  an  appropriate  to  solve  theproblem and increase the students’ speaking ability. Information gap is one of the tasks  that  may  encourage  the  students  more  actively  to  speak  English  because  it provides  more  opportunity  for  students  to  talk  in  order  to  complete  their information.  Theoretically,  Pica  and  Doughty  (1986)  state  that  information  gap tasks  cope  the  students  to  talk  more  with  a  number  of  communication  strategies used.  Information  gap  is  the  activity  in  which  the  students  are  given  different information.  By  sharing  the  separate  information  they  can  complete  a  task.  The researcher  tried  to  find  out  the  better  patternfor  information  gap  in  order  to encourage  students  to  talk.Meanwhile,  the  context  material  of  the  teaching learning was understanding and using transactional dialogue in short conversation. The  topics  had  chosen  arekitchen  and  crossword.  Brown  (1994:  103)  states  that?????????????????????????????

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HANDWRITTEN AND COMPUTER TEXT ESSAYS ON RATERS’ SCORES

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HANDWRITTEN AND COMPUTER TEXT ESSAYS ON RATERS’ SCORES

INTRODUCTION

In  today’s  world  the  emergence  of  modern  technology  works  together  with  our daily  routine.  Computer  is  one  of  modern  technology  that  is  assistive  and beneficial  to  create  a  more  effective  work.  In  this  digital  era,  the  role  of technology,  particularly  computer,  in  academic  setting  is  very  undeniable.  From faculty members to staffs, headmaster, teachers, students, they all have to master the basic skill of computer operation.

In  Indonesian  education  system,  students  are  taught  the  skill  of  operating computer since they are in the middle school. Students are taught the basic skill of typing,  editing,  printing, etc.  By  the  times  they  are  in  high  school,  they  have developed  a  fluency  in  typing. In  college  life  particularly,  the  lecturers  and instructors often assign students to type their tasks instead of handwrite them. The hardship  of  writing  down  word  by  word  of  sentences  of  an  essay  has  been replaced  by  the  magic  tool  of  computer.  Students  feel  more  confident  when completing  their  assignments  with  computer  rather  than  with  handwriting.  They are confident that they can gain higher score when they complete the assignment with computer rather than with hand writing

This research was conducted in an attempt to find out whether presentation effect causes  the  inequality  in  assessment  or  not.  It  is  done  through  comparing  two different  format  of  essays  which  are  identical  in  content.  The  formats  were  the original  handwritten  and  the  transcribed  computer  text  of  the  handwritten.  The computer format was chosen because the researcher admitted that the involvement of  technology  cannot  be  overstated,  therefore  this  research  was  intended  to  test?????????????????????

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN FIELD-INDEPENDENT AND FIELD-DEPENDENT STUDENTS IN READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN FIELD-INDEPENDENT AND FIELD-DEPENDENT STUDENTS IN READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT

In  relation  to  personality,  at  least  two  types  of  personalities  associated  with  the environment. In spite of it all, this is related to the personality of each individual, whether  they  are  independent  or  dependent  students.  The  differences  of  their personalities  can  happen  because  many  factors  that  influence  the  students.  The way  of  thinking,  attitude  and  also  students  personality  are  psychological  factors which  may  influence  their  achievement  in  teaching-learning  process.  Teacher professionality  in  explaining and presenting the  material may influence students’ achievement.  Besides  personality,  teachers  should  also  be  able  to  place  the students who  have  field  dependence  and  field  independence,  because  such personalities may greatly affect their achievement.

Among  the  factors  which  may  have  much  influence  on  language  learning  are cognitive and affective factors. One of the styles of learning is cognitive style that can  be  defined  as  a  term  used  in  cognitive  psychology  to  describe  the  way individuals  think,  perceive  and  remember  information  (Mulyani,  2011).  Field dependent and field independent are included in style of learning. In this research, the writer will focus her research on field independent and field dependent as one of cognitive style in style of learning.??????

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