A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN STUDENTS WHO ARE TAUGHT THROUGH NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE AND THOSE THROUGH PREDICTIVE READING TECHNIQUE

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN STUDENTS WHO ARE TAUGHT THROUGH NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE AND THOSE THROUGH PREDICTIVE READING TECHNIQUE

I.  INTRODUCTION

Reading  is  one  of  the  important  skills  that  are  needed  by  the  students  in  getting information  based  on  what  they  have  already  read.  It  is  a  complex  interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences,  and  language  community  which  is  culturally  and  socially  situated. Grellet (1981: 8) mentioned that reading as the process of understanding a written text, means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible. It also supported by Bernhardt (1991:6) in Suparman (2007:13) that quoted reading is considered as an intrapersonal problem-solving task that takes place within the brain knowledge structure. It meant that, people read and tried to understand and got a lot of information based on what they were reading. 

According to Smith (1982:166) added reading is a matter of identifying letters in order to get the meaning from what is read, involving making connection among words  and  ideas  presented  in  the  text  and  the  readers’  own  background knowledge. In addition, Rubin (1993: 196) assumed that the reading skills that are usually  found  in  the  interpretation  are  as  follow:  (1)  determining  word  meaning from the context, (2) finding main????????????

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Morphological Pattern of Adjective Words used in Descriptive Essay Writen by Thrid Semester Students of English Education Department

MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF ADJECTIVE WORDS USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY WRITEN BY THRID SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This  chapter  discusses  some  points  including  background  of  the  Study, search  problems,  purpose  of  the  study,  significance  of  the  study,  scopes  and limitation of the study, and definition of the key term.

A.  Background of the Study

Language  is  very  significant  thing  in  human  life.  A  language  is  an arbitrary  system  of  articulation  sounds  made  used  by  a  group  of  humans  a means of carrying on the affairs of their society. In other hand language is a signaling  system  which  operates  with  symbolic  vocal  sound  and  which  is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication. These definition carried  by  some  linguist.  Liem  Kiat  Boe  (1975:  25)  states  that  language  is social  phenomenon.  It  means  of  communication  between  individuals  it  also bring  them  into  relationship  with  their  environment.  According  to  Jack Richard,  et  .al  (1992:  43)  language  is  a  system  of  human  communication which  consist  of  sound  (on  their  written  representation)  into  larger  units  for example  morphemes,  words,  sentences,  utterance.  We  use  language  in  order to  communicate  one  with  another,  to  express  our  personal  reactions  to??????????????????

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS THAUGHT THROUGH RETELLING STORY AND TRANSLATION

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS THAUGHT THROUGH RETELLING STORY AND TRANSLATION

INTRODUCTION

Reading,  as  one  of  the  basic  skills  of  language,  reading  dominates  the  teaching materials in almost English textbooks where there are some types of reading text that  should  be  mastered  by  the  students  of  Senior  High  School.    SMA/MA students should be able to use the language in informational level that is expected to access knowledge by  the language skills.  This objective is basically the same as  comprehension  of  reading  texts  where  the  students  are  faced  with  the  text written  in  English  then  they  are  hoped  to  read  it  in  order  to  gather  information from  it.    In  this  case,  students  use  skill  of  reading  in  order  to  understand  the written text.  In other words, they access knowledge by reading skill.

To  get  the  knowledge  from  the  text,  it  is  important  for  students  to  have  a  good reading  comprehension.    Without  comprehension,  reading  would  be  empty  and meaningless.  Comprehension is not only intended to know what the letters stand for, but also involved power of fully understanding.  Reading involves more than words recognition; that without comprehension, no reading takes place.  It means that comprehension determines the essence of the reading process.  

Reading  comprehension  requires  motivation,  mental  frameworks  for  holding  the ideas, concentration and good study techniques.  There are many ways to be good at  reading  such  as  the  readers  should  know  the  purpose  in  reading,  they  also should  have  awareness  of  type  of  the  material  they  are  reading,  and  kinds  of learning  strategies  can  also  be  used  in  reading  that  can  help  them  in comprehending the reading text?????????????????.

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Grammatical Error Analisis in Speaking of the Second Semester English Students

Grammatical Error Analisys in Speaking of the Second Semester English Students

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the writer shows the background of the research, the formulation of research problems, objectives of research, significant of research, scope and limitation, definition of key terms and organizations of research.

A.      Background of study

In our education system, English is a compulsory subject at secondary school. This is because English is an important international language which is used as a medium of communication by the most people in the world. Every human in the world always use language to communicate, give information, knowledge and express their idea and though.

Because of the importance of English, our government makes a policy about the use of English in our education system. The standard of content for the junior high school states that the target of English instruction in school is to enable the students to gain functional level of literacy (Depdiknas, 2006:277). At this particular level, students are expected to be able to communicate in both written and oral forms to overcome their challenges. This objective is clearly reflected in the English standard of competencies and the basic competencies.

In English, there are four skills that should be mastered, they are: listening, speaking, writing, and reading, the most important one of them is speaking. The ability to function in another language is generally characterized in

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT IN GUESSING AND MAKING INFERENCES TECHNIQUES

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT IN GUESSING AND MAKING INFERENCES TECHNIQUES

INTRODUCTION

English  is  an  important  subject  that  should  be  mastered  by  students  of  Senior High  School.  The  students  should  be  able  to  master  not  only  one  language  skill, but  also  the  other  skills  in  English,  i.e.  listening,  speaking,  reading,  and  writing. From  the  four  aspects,  the  research  focuses  only  on  reading  comprehension  of students  because  the  students  do  not  really  get  a  better  technique  to  comprehend the text. 

Based on pre-observation of students in SMAN ???, it was found that  there  were  some  problems  which  students  faced  when  they  studied  English, especially in reading comprehension. The problems covered the low motivation of the students, vocabulary mastery, structure of a sentence, finding the main idea of a text, and generic structure of a text. 

The students’ low motivation might be caused by teacher who less stimulates them  to  learn.  They  were  only  asked  to  read  passages  and  answer  the  questions with  no  explanation  about  it  before  the  teaching  process.  Consequently,  it  might make  them  be  more  confused  in  comprehending  the  text.  Besides,  the inappropriate  selection  of  the  text  which  was  discussed  in  the  class  might  not attract  the  students’  attention.  Therefore,  the  students  could  not  reach  the minimum criteria of required curriculum. 

Likewise,  the  studies  (see,  e.g.  Ayu,  2013;  Andam,  2013;  and  Kurnia,  2013) indicate that SMA students experience many difficulties in their reading, such as?????????????????????????????????????????????

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